<html><head><meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"></head><body dir="auto"><div dir="ltr"><base href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan_left"><style id="print">

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    </style><title>Michigan left - Wikipedia</title><div class="original-url"><br><a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan_left">https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan_left</a><br><br></div><div id="article" role="article" style="-webkit-locale: "en"; text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; font-family: -apple-system-font; font-size: 1.2em; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" class="system exported">

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    <div class="page" style="text-align: start; word-wrap: break-word; max-width: 100%;"><h1 class="title" style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.95552em; line-height: 1.2141em; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; text-align: start; display: block; max-width: 100%;">Michigan left</h1><div style="max-width: 100%;"><section style="max-width: 100%;">

<div role="note" style="font-style: italic; max-width: 100%;">For the Arkells album, see <a href="/wiki/Michigan_Left_(album)" title="Michigan Left (album)" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Michigan Left (album)</a>.</div>

<div role="note" style="font-style: italic; max-width: 100%;">This article reflects countries that <a href="/wiki/Right-_and_left-hand_traffic" title="Right- and left-hand traffic" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">drive on the right</a>. For countries that drive on the left, reverse right and left.</div>

<p style="max-width: 100%;">A <b style="max-width: 100%;">Michigan left is an <a href="/wiki/At-grade_intersection" title="At-grade intersection" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">at-grade intersection</a> design that replaces each left turn at an intersection between a (major) <a href="/wiki/Divided_highway" title="Divided highway" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">divided roadway</a> and a secondary (minor) roadway with the combination of a right turn followed by a U-turn, or a U-turn followed by a right turn, depending on the situation.

</p>

</section><h2 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.43em; max-width: 100%;"><span tabindex="0" role="button" aria-controls="content-collapsible-block-0" aria-expanded="true" style="max-width: 100%;">Terminology</span></h2><section style="max-width: 100%;">

<p style="max-width: 100%;">This intersection design was given the name "Michigan left" due to its frequent use along roads and highways in the U.S. state of <a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Michigan</a> since the late 1960s.<sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;">[2]</span></sup> In other contexts, the intersection is called a <b style="max-width: 100%;">median U‑turn crossover</b> or <b style="max-width: 100%;">median U‑turn</b>.<sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;">[1]</span></sup><sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;">[3]</span></sup><sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;">[4]</span></sup> The design is also sometimes referred to as a <b style="max-width: 100%;">boulevard left</b>,<sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;">[5]</span></sup> a <b style="max-width: 100%;">boulevard turnaround</b>,<sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;">[6]</span></sup> an <b style="max-width: 100%;">indirect left turn</b>,<sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;">[2]</span></sup><sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;">[7]</span></sup> a <b style="max-width: 100%;">Michigan loon</b>,<sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;">[8]</span></sup> a <b style="max-width: 100%;">P‑turn</b> or a <b style="max-width: 100%;">"ThrU Turn" intersection</b>.<sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;">[9]</span></sup><sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;">[10]</span></sup></p>

</section><h2 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.43em; max-width: 100%;"><span tabindex="0" role="button" aria-controls="content-collapsible-block-1" aria-expanded="true" style="max-width: 100%;">Description</span></h2><section style="max-width: 100%;">

<div style="max-width: 100%;"><div style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/File:MichiganLeftSigns.png" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;"><noscript style="max-width: 100%;">&lt;img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/MichiganLeftSigns.png/220px-MichiganLeftSigns.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="225" class="thumbimage" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="512"&gt;</noscript><img width="220" height="225" alt="" usemap="undefined" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/MichiganLeftSigns.png/220px-MichiganLeftSigns.png" srcset="" style="max-width: 100%; margin: 0.5em auto; display: block; height: auto;" data-unique-identifier=""></a>  <div style="max-width: 100%;"><div style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/File:MichiganLeftSigns.png" title="Enlarge" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;"></a></div>Two versions of signs posted along an intersecting road or street at an intersection<br style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;">Top:</b> most commonly used;  state of Michigan standard<sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;">[11]</span></sup><br style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;">Bottom:</b> lesser-used variant</div></div></div>

<p style="max-width: 100%;">The design occurs at <a href="/wiki/Intersection_(road)" title="Intersection (road)" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">intersections</a> where at least one road is a <a href="/wiki/Divided_highway" title="Divided highway" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">divided highway</a> or <a href="/wiki/Boulevard" title="Boulevard" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">boulevard</a>, and left turns onto—and usually from—the divided highway are prohibited. In almost every case, the divided highway is multi-laned in both directions. When on the secondary road, drivers are directed to turn right. Within <span role="math" style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;">1⁄<span style="max-width: 100%;">4 mile (400 m), they queue into a designated <a href="/wiki/Turnaround_(road)" title="Turnaround (road)" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">U-turn (or cross-over) lane</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Median_(road)" title="Median (road)" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">median</a>. When traffic clears they complete the <a href="/wiki/U-turn" title="U-turn" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">U-turn</a> and go back through the intersection. Additionally, the U-turn lane is designed for one-way traffic.

<p style="max-width: 100%;">Similarly, traffic on the divided highway cannot turn left at an intersection with a cross street. Instead, drivers are instructed to "overshoot" the intersection, go through the U-turn lane, come back to the intersection from the opposite direction, and turn right.

<p style="max-width: 100%;">When vehicles enter the cross-over area, unless markings on the ground indicate two turning lanes in the cross-over, drivers form one lane.  A cross-over with two lanes is designed at high-volume cross-overs, or when the right lane turns onto an intersecting street. In this case, the right lane is reserved for vehicles completing the design.  Most crossovers must be made large enough for semi-trailer trucks to complete the crossover.  This large cross-over area often leads to two vehicles incorrectly lining up at a single cross-over.

<p style="max-width: 100%;">A Michigan left generally allows through traffic on the minor crossroads to proceed straight across the major road or highway, especially on the more heavily-traveled minor roads.

</p><p style="max-width: 100%;">Its design also is promoted as part of the Federal Highway Administration's <a href="/wiki/Every_Day_Counts_initiative" title="Every Day Counts initiative" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Every Day Counts initiative</a> which started in 2011.<sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;">[12]</span></sup></p>

</section><h2 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.43em; max-width: 100%;"><span tabindex="0" role="button" aria-controls="content-collapsible-block-2" aria-expanded="true" style="max-width: 100%;">Variations</span></h2><section style="max-width: 100%;">

<h3 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.25em; max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;">Narrow median</span></h3>

<p style="max-width: 100%;">When the median of a road is too narrow to allow for a standard Michigan left maneuver, a variation can be used that widens the pavement in the opposite direction of travel. This widened pavement is known as a "bulb out"<sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;">[9]</span></sup> or a "loon" (from the pavement's aerial resemblance to the <a href="/wiki/Loon" title="Loon" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">aquatic bird</a>).<sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;">[8]</span></sup> Such a design is sometimes referred to as a <i style="max-width: 100%;">Michigan loon</i>; in <a href="/wiki/Utah" title="Utah" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Utah</a>, as a <i style="max-width: 100%;">ThrU Turn</i>, where you pass <i style="max-width: 100%;">through</i> the intersection before a <i style="max-width: 100%;">U-Turn</i>.<sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;">[9]</span></sup></p>

<h3 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.25em; max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;">Grade separation</span></h3>

<p style="max-width: 100%;">In <a href="/wiki/Guadalajara,_Mexico" title="Guadalajara, Mexico" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Guadalajara, Mexico</a>, there is a grade-separated variation of this setup at the intersection of Mariano Otero Avenue and Manuel Gómez Morín Beltway (<span style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Michigan_left&params=20.630666_N_103.434981_W_dim:100" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;"><span style="max-width: 100%;"><span title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location" style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;">20°37′50″N <span style="max-width: 100%;">103°26′06″W<span style="max-width: 100%;"> / <span style="max-width: 100%;"><span title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location" style="max-width: 100%;">20.630666°N 103.434981°W<span style="max-width: 100%;"> / <span style="max-width: 100%;">20.630666; -103.434981</a>).<sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;">[13] <a href="/wiki/Traffic_flow" title="Traffic flow" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Traffic flowing</a> through Mariano Otero Avenue is routed onto an overpass above the beltway, with two access roads allowing right turns in all four possible directions; the U-turns, meanwhile, are built underneath the beltway and allow the left turn movements from Mariano Otero Avenue to the beltway.

</p>

<h3 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.25em; max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;">Superstreet</span></h3>

<div role="note" style="font-style: italic; max-width: 100%;">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Superstreet" title="Superstreet" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Superstreet</a></div>

<p style="max-width: 100%;">A variation of the Michigan left that prohibits through traffic on minor roads from crossing the major road or highway, is most commonly called a superstreet or a "restricted crossing U‑turn" (RCUT).<sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;">[14] In contrast to the standard Michigan left, left turns from the major road or highway to minor roads are usually allowed, although there is a variation that prohibits such turns.

</p>

</section><h2 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.43em; max-width: 100%;"><span tabindex="0" role="button" aria-controls="content-collapsible-block-3" aria-expanded="true" style="max-width: 100%;">Examples</span></h2><section style="max-width: 100%;">

<h3 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.25em; max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;">Angola</span></h3>

<p style="max-width: 100%;">The capital city of Angola, <a href="/wiki/Luanda" title="Luanda" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Luanda</a>, makes widespread use of a simplified variant of this type of intersection on its two- and three-lane, median-separated throughways instead of using traffic lights. Larger junctions use this intersection type instead of much more costly grade-separated interchanges.

</p>

<h3 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.25em; max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;">Australia</span></h3>

<p style="max-width: 100%;">In Australia, where traffic drives on the left, the <a href="/wiki/Victoria_(Australia)" title="Victoria (Australia)" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Victorian</a> state government introduced the "P-turn", similar to the Michigan left, at one intersection in 2009. This requires right-turning vehicles to turn left then make a U-turn. As of May 2015, the intersection in the southeastern <a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Melbourne</a> suburb of <a href="/wiki/Frankston,_Victoria" title="Frankston, Victoria" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Frankston</a> remains the only one of its kind in the state, and local residents have called for its removal.<sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;">[15]<p style="max-width: 100%;">A form of the Michigan Left is also used in <a href="/wiki/Perth,_Western_Australia" title="Perth, Western Australia" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Perth, Western Australia</a> at the corner of <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Drive" title="Alexander Drive" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Alexander</a> and <a href="/wiki/Morley_Drive" title="Morley Drive" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Morley</a> Drives.

</p><p style="max-width: 100%;">On April 16, 2018, a P-turn was introduced at the intersection of Hoddle Street and Johnston Street in <a href="/wiki/Abbotsford,_Victoria" title="Abbotsford, Victoria" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Abbotsford, Victoria</a>. A second P-turn was added in 2019 at the intersection of Punt Road and Swan Street in Richmond.<sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;">[16]</span></sup></p>

<h3 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.25em; max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;">Brazil</span></h3>

<p style="max-width: 100%;">The Michigan left is a commonly used design in Brazil especially in <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="São Paulo" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">São Paulo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paran%C3%A1_(state)" title="Paraná (state)" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Paraná</a>.

</p>

<h3 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.25em; max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;">Canada</span></h3>

<p style="max-width: 100%;">The design has been proposed in <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Toronto</a>, Ontario, to relieve motorists who wish to make a left-turn on roadways that will contain a proposed streetcar line by the <a href="/wiki/Transit_City" title="Transit City" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Transit City</a> project.

</p><p style="max-width: 100%;">In <a href="/wiki/Ottawa" title="Ottawa" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Ottawa</a>, Ontario, a Michigan left exists to proceed from <a href="/wiki/Bank_Street_(Ottawa)" title="Bank Street (Ottawa)" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Bank Street</a> to <a href="/wiki/Riverside_Drive_(Ottawa)" title="Riverside Drive (Ottawa)" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Riverside Drive</a> in both directions.

<p style="max-width: 100%;">In <a href="/wiki/Saskatoon" title="Saskatoon" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Saskatoon</a>, Saskatchewan, a Michigan left pairing exists on <a href="/wiki/8th_Street_East_(Saskatoon)" title="8th Street East (Saskatoon)" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">8th Street</a>, just west of its interchange with <a href="/wiki/Circle_Drive" title="Circle Drive" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Circle Drive</a>, as well as a few other U-Turn Lanes as one heads westbound.

<p style="max-width: 100%;">Another Michigan left exists in <a href="/wiki/Windsor,_Ontario" title="Windsor, Ontario" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Windsor, Ontario</a>, on Huron Church Road, just north of the <a href="/wiki/E.C._Row_Expressway" title="E.C. Row Expressway" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">E.C. Row Expressway</a>, where a narrow-median variant put in place years ago is now seldom used due to the realignment of the expressway in conjunction with the construction of the <a href="/wiki/Herb_Gray_Parkway" title="Herb Gray Parkway" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Herb Gray Parkway</a>.

</p>

<h3 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.25em; max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;">Hong Kong</span></h3>

<p style="max-width: 100%;">This is the design at some busy junctions in Hong Kong. In Hong Kong Island examples include the junction of <a href="/wiki/Fleming_Road" title="Fleming Road" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Fleming Road</a> and <a href="/wiki/Harbour_Road" title="Harbour Road" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Harbour Road</a> in <a href="/wiki/Wan_Chai_North" title="Wan Chai North" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Wan Chai North</a>, and the junction of Hennessey Road and <a href="/wiki/Canal_Road_Flyover" title="Canal Road Flyover" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Canal Road Flyover</a> in <a href="/wiki/Wong_Nai_Chung" title="Wong Nai Chung" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Wong Nai Chung</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Kowloon" title="Kowloon" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Kowloon</a> this design exists between  Cheong Wan Road and Hong Chong Road/<a href="/wiki/Salisbury_Road" title="Salisbury Road" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Salisbury Road</a>.

</p>

<h3 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.25em; max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;">Mexico</span></h3>

<p style="max-width: 100%;">U-turn intersections are very common throughout Mexico, particularly in Mexico City.

</p>

<h3 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.25em; max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;">United Kingdom</span></h3>

<p style="max-width: 100%;">A similar style P-turn is used in the junction of the <a href="/wiki/A4_road_(England)" title="A4 road (England)" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">A4 Great West Road</a> and A3002 <a href="/wiki/Boston_Manor" title="Boston Manor" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Boston Manor</a> Road in <a href="/wiki/Brentford" title="Brentford" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Brentford</a>, England.

</p>

<h3 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.25em; max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;">United States</span></h3>

<p style="max-width: 100%;">In 2013, Michigan lefts were installed in <a href="/wiki/Alabama" title="Alabama" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Alabama</a> for the first time, in several locations along heavily traveled <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_280" title="U.S. Route 280" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">U.S. Route 280</a> in metro <a href="/wiki/Birmingham,_Alabama" title="Birmingham, Alabama" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Birmingham</a>.<sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;">[17]<p style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Tucson,_Arizona" title="Tucson, Arizona" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Tucson, Arizona</a>, began introducing Michigan lefts in 2013, at Ina/Oracle and on Grant Road. Their reception has been mixed.<sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;">[18]<p style="max-width: 100%;">In November 2018, the <a href="/wiki/Ada_County_Highway_District" title="Ada County Highway District" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Ada County Highway District</a> completed work on a ThrU-turn intersection at the State Street/Veterans Memorial Parkway/36th Street intersection in <a href="/wiki/Boise,_Idaho" title="Boise, Idaho" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Boise, Idaho</a>.<sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;">[19]<p style="max-width: 100%;">The design is relatively common in <a href="/wiki/New_Orleans,_Louisiana" title="New Orleans, Louisiana" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">New Orleans, Louisiana</a>, and its suburb <a href="/wiki/Metairie,_Louisiana" title="Metairie, Louisiana" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Metairie</a>, where city boulevards may be split by <a href="/wiki/Streetcar" title="Streetcar" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">streetcar</a> tracks,<sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;">[20] and suburban thoroughfares are often split by drainage canals.<sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;">[21] Some intersections using this design are signed similarly to those in Michigan, but with more descriptive text,<sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;">[22] however in some cases the only signage is "No Left Turn" and drivers are left to figure it out for themselves.<sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;">[23]<p style="max-width: 100%;">Since the redevelopment of the intersection between <a href="/wiki/Maryland_Route_193" title="Maryland Route 193" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">University Boulevard (MD 193)</a> and <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_29_in_Maryland" title="U.S. Route 29 in Maryland" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Colesville Road (US 29)</a> in <a href="/wiki/Silver_Spring,_Maryland" title="Silver Spring, Maryland" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Silver Spring, Maryland</a>, a Michigan left has been used to increase efficiency of traffic through an otherwise underdeveloped and congested intersection. Due to its proximity to the <a href="/wiki/Interstate_495_(Capital_Beltway)" title="Interstate 495 (Capital Beltway)" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Capital Beltway</a>, heavy traffic is handled more safely and efficiently.<sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;">[<i style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2015)" style="max-width: 100%;">citation needed</a>]<p style="max-width: 100%;">The <a href="/wiki/Michigan_Department_of_Transportation" title="Michigan Department of Transportation" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Michigan Department of Transportation</a> first used the modern design at the intersection of <a href="/wiki/8_Mile_Road" title="8 Mile Road" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">8 Mile Road</a> (<a href="/wiki/M-102_(Michigan_highway)" title="M-102 (Michigan highway)" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">M-102</a>) and Livernois Avenue<sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;">[24] (<span style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Michigan_left&params=42.4461_N_83.141_W_dim:100&title=M-102+%288+Mile+Road%29+at+Livernois+Avenue" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;"><span style="max-width: 100%;"><span title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location" style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;">42°26′46″N <span style="max-width: 100%;">83°08′28″W<span style="max-width: 100%;"> / <span style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;"><span title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location" style="max-width: 100%;">42.4461°N 83.141°W<span style="max-width: 100%;"> / <span style="max-width: 100%;">42.4461; -83.141<span style="max-width: 100%;"> (<span style="max-width: 100%;">M-102 (8 Mile Road) at Livernois Avenue)</a>)<sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;">[25] in <a href="/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Detroit</a> in the early 1960s. The increase in traffic flow and reduction in accidents was so dramatic (a 30–60% decrease<sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;">[26]) that over 700 similar intersections have been deployed throughout the state since then.<sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;">[27] Michigan keeps building Michigan Lefts where the opportunity presents itself, completing a rebuild of a dangerous stretch of highway (<a href="/wiki/US_131" title="US 131" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">US 131</a> in <a href="/wiki/Three_Rivers,_Michigan" title="Three Rivers, Michigan" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Three Rivers</a> in 2021).<sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;">[28]<p style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">North Carolina</a> has been implementing Michigan lefts along <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_17_in_North_Carolina" title="U.S. Route 17 in North Carolina" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">US 17</a> in the southeastern part of the state, outside <a href="/wiki/Wilmington,_North_Carolina" title="Wilmington, North Carolina" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Wilmington</a>.<sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;">[27] In 2015, a Michigan left was constructed at the intersection of Poplar Tent Road and Derita Road in the <a href="/wiki/Charlotte,_North_Carolina" title="Charlotte, North Carolina" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Charlotte</a> suburb of <a href="/wiki/Concord,_North_Carolina" title="Concord, North Carolina" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Concord</a>.<sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;">[<i style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2016)" style="max-width: 100%;">citation needed</a>]<p style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Columbus,_Ohio" title="Columbus, Ohio" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Columbus, Ohio</a> introduced a Michigan left at the intersection of <a href="/wiki/Ohio_State_Route_161" title="Ohio State Route 161" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">SR 161</a> and Strawberry Farms Boulevard in 2012.

</p><p style="max-width: 100%;">At least two Michigan lefts have existed in <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Texas</a>. One was located at the intersection of Fondren Road and <a href="/wiki/Bellaire_Boulevard" title="Bellaire Boulevard" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Bellaire Boulevard</a> in <a href="/wiki/Houston,_Texas" title="Houston, Texas" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Houston</a> from the 1980s through 2007, when it was replaced with conventional left-turn lanes. Another was built in mid-2010 in <a href="/wiki/Plano,_Texas" title="Plano, Texas" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Plano</a> at the intersection of Preston Road and Legacy Drive.<sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;">[29]</span></sup> In January 2014, the city announced plans to revert the turn to a traditional intersection as a result of drivers' confusion.<sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;">[<i style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2014)" style="max-width: 100%;">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> A section of State Highway 71 east of Austin-Bergstrom International Airport at FM 973 in Austin, Texas did have a signalized Michigan U-turn that was constructed in 2014—this was a temporary fix until the SH71 tollway over SH130 (including the re-routing of FM973) was completed in early 2016.<sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;">[<i style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2018)" style="max-width: 100%;">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> There are multiple Michigan left turns currently being used along US 281 north of Loop 1604 in San Antonio. These were adopted as a short-term solution for traffic issues as development expanded north, but will likely be phased out as US 281 is elevated.<sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;">[<i style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2018)" style="max-width: 100%;">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></p><p style="max-width: 100%;">The city of <a href="/wiki/Draper,_Utah" title="Draper, Utah" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Draper, Utah</a>, a suburb of <a href="/wiki/Salt_Lake_City" title="Salt Lake City" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Salt Lake City</a>, announced in 2011 that it would be building Utah's first "ThrU Turn" at the intersection of 12300 South and State Street, just off <a href="/wiki/Interstate_15_in_Utah" title="Interstate 15 in Utah" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Interstate 15</a> through Salt Lake County. Construction began in summer 2011 and was completed in fall 2011.<sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;">[9]</span></sup><sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;">[30]</span></sup><sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;">[31]</span></sup> Other similar intersections were implemented in <a href="/wiki/South_Jordan,_Utah" title="South Jordan, Utah" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">South Jordan</a><sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;">[32]</span></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Layton,_Utah" title="Layton, Utah" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Layton</a>.<sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;">[33]</span></sup></p>

</section><h2 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.43em; max-width: 100%;"><span tabindex="0" role="button" aria-controls="content-collapsible-block-4" aria-expanded="false" style="max-width: 100%;">Applicable traffic studies</span></h2><section style="max-width: 100%;">

<p style="max-width: 100%;">This type of intersection configuration, as with any engineered solution to a traffic problem, carries with it certain advantages and disadvantages and has been subject to several studies.

<p style="max-width: 100%;">Studies have shown a major reduction in left-turn collisions and a minor reduction in merging and diverging collisions, due to the shifting of left turns outside the main intersection. In addition, it reduces the number of different <a href="/wiki/Traffic_light" title="Traffic light" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">traffic light</a> phases, significantly increasing traffic flow. Because separate phases are no longer needed for left turns, this increases green time for through traffic. The effect on turning traffic is mixed. Consequently, the timing of traffic signals along a highway featuring the design is made easier by the elimination of left-turn phases both on that highway and along intersecting roadways contributing to the reduction of travel times and the increased capacity of those roadways.<sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;">[1]<p style="max-width: 100%;">It has been shown to enhance safety to pedestrians crossing either street at an intersection featuring the design since they only encounter through traffic and vehicles making right turns. The left-turning movement, having been eliminated, removes one source of potential vehicle-pedestrian conflict.<sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;">[1] One minor disadvantage of the Michigan left is the extra distance required for the motorist to drive. Sometimes the distance to the turnaround is as far away as <span role="math" style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;">1⁄<span style="max-width: 100%;">4 mile (400 m) past the intersection. This design leads to each motorist driving an additional <span role="math" style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;">1⁄<span style="max-width: 100%;">2 mile (800 m) to make a left turn. It also results in left-turning vehicles having to stop up to three times in the execution of the turn.

</p>

</section><h2 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.43em; max-width: 100%;"><span tabindex="0" role="button" aria-controls="content-collapsible-block-5" aria-expanded="true" style="max-width: 100%;">See also</span></h2><h2 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.43em; max-width: 100%;"><span tabindex="0" role="button" aria-controls="content-collapsible-block-6" aria-expanded="true" style="max-width: 100%;">References</span></h2><section style="max-width: 100%;">

<div style="max-width: 100%;">

<ol style="max-width: 100%;"><li style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;">^ <span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;"><sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><i style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;">a</b></i></sup></span> <span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;"><sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><i style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;">b</b></i></sup></span> <span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;"><sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><i style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;">c</b></i></sup></span> <span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;"><sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><i style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;">d</b></i></sup></span> <span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;"><sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><i style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;">e</b></i></sup></span></span> <span style="max-width: 100%;"><cite style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Federal_Highway_Administration" title="Federal Highway Administration" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Federal Highway Administration</a> (August 2004). <a rel="nofollow" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090510121808/http://www.tfhrc.gov/safety/pubs/04091/10.htm#1022" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">"Alternative Intersection Treatments"</a>. <i style="max-width: 100%;">Signalized Intersections: Informational Guide</i>. Federal Highway Administration. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.tfhrc.gov/safety/pubs/04091/10.htm#1022" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">the original</a> on May 10, 2009<span style="max-width: 100%;">. Retrieved <span style="max-width: 100%;">August 1,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Signalized+Intersections%3A+Informational+Guide&rft.atitle=Alternative+Intersection+Treatments&rft.date=2004-08&rft.au=Federal+Highway+Administration&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tfhrc.gov%2Fsafety%2Fpubs%2F04091%2F10.htm%231022&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichigan+left" style="max-width: 100%;"></span></span>

</li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;">^ <span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;"><sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><i style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;">a</b></i></sup></span> <span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;"><sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><i style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;">b</b></i></sup></span></span> <span style="max-width: 100%;"><cite style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Michigan_Department_of_Transportation" title="Michigan Department of Transportation" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Michigan Department of Transportation</a> (July 19, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.michigan.gov/mdot/0,1607,7-151-9615_44557-161777--,00.html" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">"Michigan Lefts"</a>. Michigan Department of Transportation<span style="max-width: 100%;">. Retrieved <span style="max-width: 100%;">December 20,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Michigan+Lefts&rft.pub=Michigan+Department+of+Transportation&rft.date=2010-07-19&rft.au=Michigan+Department+of+Transportation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.michigan.gov%2Fmdot%2F0%2C1607%2C7-151-9615_44557-161777--%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichigan+left" style="max-width: 100%;"></span></span>

</li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;"></b></span> <span style="max-width: 100%;"><cite style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Federal_Highway_Administration" title="Federal Highway Administration" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Federal Highway Administration</a> (August 2014). <a rel="nofollow" href="https://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/intersection/alter_design/pdf/fhwasa14069_mut_infoguide.pdf" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">"Median U-Turn Intersection Informational Guide"</a> <span style="max-width: 100%;">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Median+U-Turn+Intersection+Informational+Guide&rft.date=2014-08&rft.au=Federal+Highway+Administration&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsafety.fhwa.dot.gov%2Fintersection%2Falter_design%2Fpdf%2Ffhwasa14069_mut_infoguide.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichigan+left" style="max-width: 100%;"></span></span>

</li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;"></b></span> <span style="max-width: 100%;"><cite style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina_State_University" title="North Carolina State University" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">North Carolina State University</a> (August 1, 1999). <a rel="nofollow" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070325180705/http://www2.ncsu.edu/ncsu/univ_relations/news_services/press_releases/99_08/231.htm" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">"Unconventional Left-Turn Lanes Reduce Traffic Accidents, Congestion"</a> (Press release). North Carolina State University. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.ncsu.edu/ncsu/univ_relations/news_services/press_releases/99_08/231.htm" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">the original</a> on March 25, 2007<span style="max-width: 100%;">. Retrieved <span style="max-width: 100%;">December 20,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Unconventional+Left-Turn+Lanes+Reduce+Traffic+Accidents%2C+Congestion&rft.pub=North+Carolina+State+University&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.au=North+Carolina+State+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncsu.edu%2Fncsu%2Funiv_relations%2Fnews_services%2Fpress_releases%2F99_08%2F231.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichigan+left" style="max-width: 100%;"></span></span>

</li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;"></b></span> <span style="max-width: 100%;"><cite style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Indiana_Department_of_Transportation" title="Indiana Department of Transportation" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Indiana Department of Transportation</a>. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.in.gov/indot/3392.htm" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">"Traffic Operations: Median U-Turns"</a>. Indiana Department of Transportation<span style="max-width: 100%;">. Retrieved <span style="max-width: 100%;">June 24,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Traffic+Operations%3A+Median+U-Turns&rft.pub=Indiana+Department+of+Transportation&rft.au=Indiana+Department+of+Transportation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.in.gov%2Findot%2F3392.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichigan+left" style="max-width: 100%;"></span></span>

</li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;"></b></span> <span style="max-width: 100%;"><cite style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Farmington_Hills,_Michigan" title="Farmington Hills, Michigan" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">City of Farmington Hills, Michigan</a> (October 18, 2001). <a rel="nofollow" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927210837/http://www.ci.farmington-hills.mi.us/egov/docs/1098972815_561889.pdf" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">"Minutes, Planning Commission Public Hearing, September 20, 2001"</a> <span style="max-width: 100%;">(PDF)</span>. City of Farmington Hills, Michigan. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.ci.farmington-hills.mi.us/egov/docs/1098972815_561889.pdf" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">the original</a> <span style="max-width: 100%;">(PDF)</span> on September 27, 2007<span style="max-width: 100%;">. Retrieved <span style="max-width: 100%;">August 1,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Minutes%2C+Planning+Commission+Public+Hearing%2C+September+20%2C+2001&rft.pub=City+of+Farmington+Hills%2C+Michigan&rft.date=2001-10-18&rft.au=City+of+Farmington+Hills%2C+Michigan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ci.farmington-hills.mi.us%2Fegov%2Fdocs%2F1098972815_561889.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichigan+left" style="max-width: 100%;"></span></span>

</li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;"></b></span> <span style="max-width: 100%;"><cite style="max-width: 100%;">Hall, Jocelyn (September 18, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.michigan.gov/mdot/0,4616,7-151-9620_11057-365110--,00.html" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">"M-20 Traffic Restrictions at Leaton Road Starting Sept. 23"</a> (Press release). Michigan Department of Transportation<span style="max-width: 100%;">. Retrieved <span style="max-width: 100%;">February 4,</span> 2019</span>. <q style="max-width: 100%; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.65);">Indirect left turns, or Michigan Lefts, near the intersection will be available.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=M-20+Traffic+Restrictions+at+Leaton+Road+Starting+Sept.+23&rft.pub=Michigan+Department+of+Transportation&rft.date=2015-09-18&rft.aulast=Hall&rft.aufirst=Jocelyn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.michigan.gov%2Fmdot%2F0%2C4616%2C7-151-9620_11057-365110--%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichigan+left" style="max-width: 100%;"></span></span>

</li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;">^ <span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;"><sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><i style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;">a</b></i></sup></span> <span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;"><sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><i style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;">b</b></i></sup></span></span> <span style="max-width: 100%;"><cite style="max-width: 100%;">Hughes, Warren; Chappell, Debra; Chen, Shyuan-Ren (Clayton) (January 2005). <a rel="nofollow" href="http://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/intersection/resources/fhwasa06016/chap_6.htm" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">"Geometric Design Treatments"</a>. <i style="max-width: 100%;">Innovative Intersection Safety Improvement Strategies and Management Practices: A Domestic Scan</i>. Federal Highway Administration<span style="max-width: 100%;">. Retrieved <span style="max-width: 100%;">August 17,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Innovative+Intersection+Safety+Improvement+Strategies+and+Management+Practices%3A+A+Domestic+Scan&rft.atitle=Geometric+Design+Treatments&rft.date=2005-01&rft.aulast=Hughes&rft.aufirst=Warren&rft.au=Chappell%2C+Debra&rft.au=Chen%2C+Shyuan-Ren+%28Clayton%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsafety.fhwa.dot.gov%2Fintersection%2Fresources%2Ffhwasa06016%2Fchap_6.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichigan+left" style="max-width: 100%;"></span></span>

</li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;">^ <span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;"><sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><i style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;">a</b></i></sup></span> <span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;"><sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><i style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;">b</b></i></sup></span> <span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;"><sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><i style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;">c</b></i></sup></span> <span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;"><sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><i style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;">d</b></i></sup></span></span> <span style="max-width: 100%;"><cite style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Utah_Department_of_Transportation" title="Utah Department of Transportation" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Utah Department of Transportation</a>. <a rel="nofollow" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120623172608/http://www.udot.utah.gov/thruturn/index.php" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">"Overview"</a>. <i style="max-width: 100%;">Thru Turn Intersection</i>. Utah Department of Transportation. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.udot.utah.gov/thruturn/index.php" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">the original</a> on June 23, 2012<span style="max-width: 100%;">. Retrieved <span style="max-width: 100%;">September 24,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Thru+Turn+Intersection&rft.atitle=Overview&rft.au=Utah+Department+of+Transportation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.udot.utah.gov%2Fthruturn%2Findex.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichigan+left" style="max-width: 100%;"></span></span>

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<li style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;"></b></span> <span style="max-width: 100%;"><cite style="max-width: 100%;">Doctor, Mark; Shaw, Jeff; Merritt, George (April 4, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/everydaycounts/springsummit/2013summit4.pdf" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">"Intersection and Interchange Geometrics"</a> <span style="max-width: 100%;">(PDF)</span>. <i style="max-width: 100%;">Every Day Counts 2 Spring Virtual Summits - 21st Century Solutions</i> (PDF). Federal Highway Administration<span style="max-width: 100%;">. Retrieved <span style="max-width: 100%;">August 17,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Every+Day+Counts+2+Spring+Virtual+Summits+-+21st+Century+Solutions&rft.atitle=Intersection+and+Interchange+Geometrics&rft.date=2013-04-04&rft.aulast=Doctor&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.au=Shaw%2C+Jeff&rft.au=Merritt%2C+George&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fhwa.dot.gov%2Feverydaycounts%2Fspringsummit%2F2013summit4.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichigan+left" style="max-width: 100%;"></span></span>

</li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;"></b></span> <span style="max-width: 100%;"><cite style="max-width: 100%;">Michigan Department of Transportation, Traffic and Safety division (2012). <a rel="nofollow" href="https://mdotjboss.state.mi.us/TSSD/tssdHome.htm" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">"Standard Highway Signs: Route Marker Signs"</a>. p. 101.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Standard+Highway+Signs%3A+Route+Marker+Signs&rft.pages=101&rft.date=2012&rft.au=Michigan+Department+of+Transportation%2C+Traffic+and+Safety+division&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmdotjboss.state.mi.us%2FTSSD%2FtssdHome.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichigan+left" style="max-width: 100%;"></span> Sign M8-5.</span>

</li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;"></b></span> <span style="max-width: 100%;"><cite style="max-width: 100%;">Schroeder, Bastian; Cunningham, Chris; Ray, Brian; Daleiden, Andy; Jenior, Pete; Knudsen, Julia (August 2014). <a rel="nofollow" href="https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/29474/dot_29474_DS1.pdf?download-document-submit=Download" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;"><i style="max-width: 100%;">Diverging Diamond Interchange Informational Guide</i></a> <span style="max-width: 100%;">(PDF)</span>. Washington, DC: Federal Highway Administration Office of Safety.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Diverging+Diamond+Interchange+Informational+Guide&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.pub=Federal+Highway+Administration+Office+of+Safety&rft.date=2014-08&rft.aulast=Schroeder&rft.aufirst=Bastian&rft.au=Cunningham%2C+Chris&rft.au=Ray%2C+Brian&rft.au=Daleiden%2C+Andy&rft.au=Jenior%2C+Pete&rft.au=Knudsen%2C+Julia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frosap.ntl.bts.gov%2Fview%2Fdot%2F29474%2Fdot_29474_DS1.pdf%3Fdownload-document-submit%3DDownload&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichigan+left" style="max-width: 100%;"></span></span>

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<li style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;"></b></span> <span style="max-width: 100%;"><cite style="max-width: 100%;">Google (December 20, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" href="https://maps.google.com/?ie=UTF8&ll=20.630666,-103.434981&spn=0.003695,0.006899&t=k&z=17" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">"Mariano Otero Avenue and Manuel Gómez Morín Beltway, Guadalajara"</a> (Map). <i style="max-width: 100%;">Google Maps</i>. Google<span style="max-width: 100%;">. Retrieved <span style="max-width: 100%;">December 20,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Google+Maps&rft.atitle=Mariano+Otero+Avenue+and+Manuel+G%C3%B3mez+Mor%C3%ADn+Beltway%2C+Guadalajara&rft.date=2010-12-20&rft.au=Google&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmaps.google.com%2F%3Fie%3DUTF8%26ll%3D20.630666%2C-103.434981%26spn%3D0.003695%2C0.006899%26t%3Dk%26z%3D17&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichigan+left" style="max-width: 100%;"></span><span style="max-width: 100%;"></span></span>

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<li style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;"></b></span> <span style="max-width: 100%;"><cite style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Federal_Highway_Administration" title="Federal Highway Administration" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Federal Highway Administration</a> (August 2014). <a rel="nofollow" href="https://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/intersection/alter_design/pdf/fhwasa14070_rcut_infoguide.pdf" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">"Restricted Crossing U-Turn Intersection Informational Guide"</a> <span style="max-width: 100%;">(PDF)</span>. p. 10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Restricted+Crossing+U-Turn+Intersection+Informational+Guide&rft.pages=10&rft.date=2014-08&rft.au=Federal+Highway+Administration&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsafety.fhwa.dot.gov%2Fintersection%2Falter_design%2Fpdf%2Ffhwasa14070_rcut_infoguide.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichigan+left" style="max-width: 100%;"></span></span>

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<li style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;"></b></span> <span style="max-width: 100%;"><cite style="max-width: 100%;">Tatman, Christian (May 15, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.heraldsun.com.au/leader/south-east/roads-minister-luke-donnellan-says-frankstons-pturn-will-remain/news-story/1c18d94bce9d9d925509f8f2947f8c26" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">"Roads Minister Luke Donnellan says Frankston's P-turn will remain"</a>. <i style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Leader_Community_Newspapers" title="Leader Community Newspapers" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Frankston Standard Leader</a></i><span style="max-width: 100%;">. Retrieved <span style="max-width: 100%;">January 7,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Frankston+Standard+Leader&rft.atitle=Roads+Minister+Luke+Donnellan+says+Frankston%27s+P-turn+will+remain&rft.date=2015-05-15&rft.aulast=Tatman&rft.aufirst=Christian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.heraldsun.com.au%2Fleader%2Fsouth-east%2Froads-minister-luke-donnellan-says-frankstons-pturn-will-remain%2Fnews-story%2F1c18d94bce9d9d925509f8f2947f8c26&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichigan+left" style="max-width: 100%;"></span></span>

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<li style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;"></b></span> <span style="max-width: 100%;"><cite style="max-width: 100%;"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-03-17/p-turn-hoddle-street-punt-road-in-melbourne-victoria/10903050" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">"Melbourne gets another P-turn with Swan Street changes"</a>. <i style="max-width: 100%;">ABC News</i>. March 17, 2019<span style="max-width: 100%;">. Retrieved <span style="max-width: 100%;">September 11,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=Melbourne+gets+another+P-turn+with+Swan+Street+changes&rft.date=2019-03-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2F2019-03-17%2Fp-turn-hoddle-street-punt-road-in-melbourne-victoria%2F10903050&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichigan+left" style="max-width: 100%;"></span></span>

</li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;"></b></span> <span style="max-width: 100%;"><cite style="max-width: 100%;">Smith, Mike (September 5, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" href="http://blog.al.com/spotnews/2013/09/michigan_left_u-turn_along_us.html" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">"US 280: 'Michigan Left' U-turn at Valleydale Scheduled to Be in Effect for Friday Morning Commute (animation)"</a>. <i style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/The_Birmingham_News" title="The Birmingham News" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">The Birmingham News</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Birmingham+News&rft.atitle=US+280%3A+%27Michigan+Left%27+U-turn+at+Valleydale+Scheduled+to+Be+in+Effect+for+Friday+Morning+Commute+%28animation%29&rft.date=2013-09-05&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblog.al.com%2Fspotnews%2F2013%2F09%2Fmichigan_left_u-turn_along_us.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichigan+left" style="max-width: 100%;"></span></span>

</li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;"></b></span> <span style="max-width: 100%;"><cite style="max-width: 100%;"><a rel="nofollow" href="http://azstarnet.com/news/local/govt-and-politics/little-love-for-michigan-left/article_d0dc7114-c46d-5f52-9d65-90723c50de19.html" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">"Little Love for Michigan Left"</a>. <i style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Arizona_Daily_Star" title="Arizona Daily Star" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Arizona Daily Star</a></i>. October 14, 2013<span style="max-width: 100%;">. Retrieved <span style="max-width: 100%;">March 3,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Arizona+Daily+Star&rft.atitle=Little+Love+for+Michigan+Left&rft.date=2013-10-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fazstarnet.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fgovt-and-politics%2Flittle-love-for-michigan-left%2Farticle_d0dc7114-c46d-5f52-9d65-90723c50de19.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichigan+left" style="max-width: 100%;"></span></span>

</li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;"></b></span> <span style="max-width: 100%;"><cite style="max-width: 100%;"><a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.achdidaho.org/Projects/proj_intersection_state-streetveterans-memorial-parkway36th-street-intersection.aspx" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">"State Street/Veterans Memorial Parkway/36th Street Intersection"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ada_County_Highway_District" title="Ada County Highway District" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Ada County Highway District</a><span style="max-width: 100%;">. Retrieved <span style="max-width: 100%;">March 11,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=State+Street%2FVeterans+Memorial+Parkway%2F36th+Street+Intersection&rft.pub=Ada+County+Highway+District&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.achdidaho.org%2FProjects%2Fproj_intersection_state-streetveterans-memorial-parkway36th-street-intersection.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichigan+left" style="max-width: 100%;"></span></span>

</li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;"></b></span> <span style="max-width: 100%;"><cite style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Google</a> (May 17, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" href="https://maps.google.com/maps?q=Carrollton,+New+Orleans,+LA&hl=en&ll=29.955901,-90.120418&spn=0.002471,0.002205&sll=39.739318,-89.266507&sspn=12.697424,18.061523&oq=Carrolton+New+Orlenas&hnear=Uptown%2FCarrollton,+New+Orleans,+Orleans,+Louisiana&t=h&z=19" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">"S Claiborne Ave and S Carrollton Ave, New Orleans"</a> (Map). <i style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Google_Maps" title="Google Maps" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Google Maps</a></i>. Google<span style="max-width: 100%;">. Retrieved <span style="max-width: 100%;">May 17,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Google+Maps&rft.atitle=S+Claiborne+Ave+and+S+Carrollton+Ave%2C+New+Orleans&rft.date=2013-05-17&rft.au=Google&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmaps.google.com%2Fmaps%3Fq%3DCarrollton%2C%2BNew%2BOrleans%2C%2BLA%26hl%3Den%26ll%3D29.955901%2C-90.120418%26spn%3D0.002471%2C0.002205%26sll%3D39.739318%2C-89.266507%26sspn%3D12.697424%2C18.061523%26oq%3DCarrolton%2BNew%2BOrlenas%26hnear%3DUptown%252FCarrollton%2C%2BNew%2BOrleans%2C%2BOrleans%2C%2BLouisiana%26t%3Dh%26z%3D19&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichigan+left" style="max-width: 100%;"></span><span style="max-width: 100%;"></span></span>

</li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;"></b></span> <span style="max-width: 100%;"><cite style="max-width: 100%;">Google (February 1, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" href="https://maps.google.com/maps?q=2401+Cleary+Ave,+Metairie,+LA+to+3800+W+Napoleon+Ave,+Metairie,+LA&saddr=2401+Cleary+Ave,+Metairie,+LA&daddr=3800+W+Napoleon+Ave,+Metairie,+LA&hl=en&ll=29.994465,-90.170575&spn=0.006532,0.011362&sll=29.996911,-90.171522&sspn=0.003266,0.005681&geocode=FSa0yQEdOReg-imv7g9tarAghjFEnpOMK3TZbQ%3BFYynyQEddCWg-ilNhyM1a7AghjF3LjLlz0QwPw&t=v&z=17" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">"W Metairie Avenue and Cleary Avenue, Metairie"</a> (Map). <i style="max-width: 100%;">Google Maps</i>. Google<span style="max-width: 100%;">. Retrieved <span style="max-width: 100%;">February 1,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Google+Maps&rft.atitle=W+Metairie+Avenue+and+Cleary+Avenue%2C+Metairie&rft.date=2013-02-01&rft.au=Google&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmaps.google.com%2Fmaps%3Fq%3D2401%2BCleary%2BAve%2C%2BMetairie%2C%2BLA%2Bto%2B3800%2BW%2BNapoleon%2BAve%2C%2BMetairie%2C%2BLA%26saddr%3D2401%2BCleary%2BAve%2C%2BMetairie%2C%2BLA%26daddr%3D3800%2BW%2BNapoleon%2BAve%2C%2BMetairie%2C%2BLA%26hl%3Den%26ll%3D29.994465%2C-90.170575%26spn%3D0.006532%2C0.011362%26sll%3D29.996911%2C-90.171522%26sspn%3D0.003266%2C0.005681%26geocode%3DFSa0yQEdOReg-imv7g9tarAghjFEnpOMK3TZbQ%253BFYynyQEddCWg-ilNhyM1a7AghjF3LjLlz0QwPw%26t%3Dv%26z%3D17&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichigan+left" style="max-width: 100%;"></span><span style="max-width: 100%;"></span></span>

</li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;"></b></span> <span style="max-width: 100%;"><cite style="max-width: 100%;">Google. <a rel="nofollow" href="https://maps.google.com/maps?q=w+metairie+at+cleary&hl=en&ll=29.980978,-90.170153&spn=124.282974,186.152344&sll=29.981112,-90.170167&sspn=167.479936,12.304688&t=w&hnear=W+Metairie+Ave+%26+Cleary+Ave,+Metairie,+Jefferson,+Louisiana+70001&z=3&layer=c&panoid=jlxUuk60MjD5Mdqi3DuIFQ&cbll=29.980978,-90.170153&cbp=13,-337.62599810014143,,2,2.578310078088748" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">"W Metairie Avenue near Cleary Avenue, Metairie"</a>. <i style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Google_Street_View" title="Google Street View" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Google Street View</a></i>. Google<span style="max-width: 100%;">. Retrieved <span style="max-width: 100%;">February 1,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Google+Street+View&rft.atitle=W+Metairie+Avenue+near+Cleary+Avenue%2C+Metairie&rft.au=Google&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmaps.google.com%2Fmaps%3Fq%3Dw%2Bmetairie%2Bat%2Bcleary%26hl%3Den%26ll%3D29.980978%2C-90.170153%26spn%3D124.282974%2C186.152344%26sll%3D29.981112%2C-90.170167%26sspn%3D167.479936%2C12.304688%26t%3Dw%26hnear%3DW%2BMetairie%2BAve%2B%2526%2BCleary%2BAve%2C%2BMetairie%2C%2BJefferson%2C%2BLouisiana%2B70001%26z%3D3%26layer%3Dc%26panoid%3DjlxUuk60MjD5Mdqi3DuIFQ%26cbll%3D29.980978%2C-90.170153%26cbp%3D13%2C-337.62599810014143%2C%2C2%2C2.578310078088748&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichigan+left" style="max-width: 100%;"></span> <span style="max-width: 100%;"><code style="max-width: 100%;">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span style="max-width: 100%;"><code style="max-width: 100%;">|author=</code> has generic name (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#generic_name" title="Help:CS1 errors" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">help</a>)</span></span>

</li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;"></b></span> <span style="max-width: 100%;"><cite style="max-width: 100%;">Google. <a rel="nofollow" href="https://maps.google.com/maps?q=new+orleans&hl=en&ll=29.955846,-90.120396&spn=0.002471,0.002205&sll=39.739318,-89.266507&sspn=12.697424,18.061523&t=h&hnear=New+Orleans,+Orleans,+Louisiana&z=19&layer=c&cbll=29.955765,-90.120477&panoid=sM2HQMZS1otSwvEib620Hg&cbp=12,38.47,,1,11.44" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">"Northbound on S Carrollton Ave at S Claiborne Ave, New Orleans"</a>. <i style="max-width: 100%;">Google Street View</i>. Google<span style="max-width: 100%;">. Retrieved <span style="max-width: 100%;">May 17,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Google+Street+View&rft.atitle=Northbound+on+S+Carrollton+Ave+at+S+Claiborne+Ave%2C+New+Orleans&rft.au=Google&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmaps.google.com%2Fmaps%3Fq%3Dnew%2Borleans%26hl%3Den%26ll%3D29.955846%2C-90.120396%26spn%3D0.002471%2C0.002205%26sll%3D39.739318%2C-89.266507%26sspn%3D12.697424%2C18.061523%26t%3Dh%26hnear%3DNew%2BOrleans%2C%2BOrleans%2C%2BLouisiana%26z%3D19%26layer%3Dc%26cbll%3D29.955765%2C-90.120477%26panoid%3DsM2HQMZS1otSwvEib620Hg%26cbp%3D12%2C38.47%2C%2C1%2C11.44&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichigan+left" style="max-width: 100%;"></span> <span style="max-width: 100%;"><code style="max-width: 100%;">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span style="max-width: 100%;"><code style="max-width: 100%;">|author=</code> has generic name (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#generic_name" title="Help:CS1 errors" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">help</a>)</span></span>

</li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;"></b></span> <span style="max-width: 100%;"><cite style="max-width: 100%;"><a rel="nofollow" href="http://michiganradio.org/post/revisiting-origin-michigan-left" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">"Revisiting the Origin of the 'Michigan Left'<span style="max-width: 100%;"></span>"</a>. Michigan Radio. September 15, 2014<span style="max-width: 100%;">. Retrieved <span style="max-width: 100%;">November 26,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Revisiting+the+Origin+of+the+%27Michigan+Left%27&rft.date=2014-09-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmichiganradio.org%2Fpost%2Frevisiting-origin-michigan-left&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichigan+left" style="max-width: 100%;"></span></span>

</li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;"></b></span> <span style="max-width: 100%;"><cite style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Google</a>. <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.google.com/maps?f=d&hl=en&geocode=9417278533163545110,42.446056,-83.143333%3B12947123426163699680,42.446277,-83.139300&time=&date=&ttype=&saddr=8+Mile+Rd+W+%4042.446056,+-83.143333&daddr=Gardendale+St+%4042.446277,+-83.139300+to:42.446974,-83.142117&mra=dme&mrcr=0&mrsp=2&sz=17&via=1&sll=42.446222,-83.141688&sspn=0.003974,0.008669&ie=UTF8&ll=42.445731,-83.142042&spn=0.003974,0.008669&t=h&z=17&om=1" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">"8 Mile Road and Livernois Avenue"</a> (Map). <i style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Google_Maps" title="Google Maps" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Google Maps</a></i>. Google.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Google+Maps&rft.atitle=8+Mile+Road+and+Livernois+Avenue&rft.au=Google&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fmaps%3Ff%3Dd%26hl%3Den%26geocode%3D9417278533163545110%2C42.446056%2C-83.143333%253B12947123426163699680%2C42.446277%2C-83.139300%26time%3D%26date%3D%26ttype%3D%26saddr%3D8%2BMile%2BRd%2BW%2B%254042.446056%2C%2B-83.143333%26daddr%3DGardendale%2BSt%2B%254042.446277%2C%2B-83.139300%2Bto%3A42.446974%2C-83.142117%26mra%3Ddme%26mrcr%3D0%26mrsp%3D2%26sz%3D17%26via%3D1%26sll%3D42.446222%2C-83.141688%26sspn%3D0.003974%2C0.008669%26ie%3DUTF8%26ll%3D42.445731%2C-83.142042%26spn%3D0.003974%2C0.008669%26t%3Dh%26z%3D17%26om%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichigan+left" style="max-width: 100%;"></span><span style="max-width: 100%;"></span></span>

</li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;"></b></span> <span style="max-width: 100%;"><cite style="max-width: 100%;">Klinefelter, Quinn (October 5, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" href="https://wdet.org/posts/2015/10/05/81693-curiosid-where-did-the-michigan-left-come-from/" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">"CuriosiD: Where Did the Michigan Left Come From?"</a>. Detroit: <a href="/w/index.php?title=WDET-AM&action=edit&redlink=1" title="WDET-AM (page does not exist)" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">WDET-AM</a><span style="max-width: 100%;">. Retrieved <span style="max-width: 100%;">November 25,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=CuriosiD%3A+Where+Did+the+Michigan+Left+Come+From%3F&rft.date=2015-10-05&rft.aulast=Klinefelter&rft.aufirst=Quinn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwdet.org%2Fposts%2F2015%2F10%2F05%2F81693-curiosid-where-did-the-michigan-left-come-from%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichigan+left" style="max-width: 100%;"></span></span>

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<li style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;">^ <span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;"><sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><i style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;">a</b></i></sup></span> <span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;"><sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><i style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;">b</b></i></sup></span></span> <span style="max-width: 100%;"><cite style="max-width: 100%;">Sweeney, Kate. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.northbrunswickmagazine.com/the-michigan-left-superstreet-heading-eastbound-a-midwestern-traffic-pattern-takes-a-detour-to-north-brunswick-county/" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">"The Michigan Left Superstreet: Heading Eastbound: A Midwestern traffic pattern takes a detour to North Brunswick County"</a>. <i style="max-width: 100%;">North Brunswick Magazine</i><span style="max-width: 100%;">. Retrieved <span style="max-width: 100%;">November 26,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=North+Brunswick+Magazine&rft.atitle=The+Michigan+Left+Superstreet%3A+Heading+Eastbound%3A+A+Midwestern+traffic+pattern+takes+a+detour+to+North+Brunswick+County&rft.aulast=Sweeney&rft.aufirst=Kate&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.northbrunswickmagazine.com%2Fthe-michigan-left-superstreet-heading-eastbound-a-midwestern-traffic-pattern-takes-a-detour-to-north-brunswick-county%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichigan+left" style="max-width: 100%;"></span></span>

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<li style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;"></b></span> <span style="max-width: 100%;"><cite style="max-width: 100%;">Schirripa, Nick (March 17, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.michigan.gov/som/0,4669,7-192-29907-521963--,00.html#:~:text=March%2017,%202020%20--%20The%20Michigan%20Department%20of,US-131%20through%20Three%20Rivers%20in%20St.%20Joseph%20County" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">"Final Season of US 131 Reconstruction in Three Rivers Starts Monday"</a> (Press release). Michigan Department of Transportation<span style="max-width: 100%;">. Retrieved <span style="max-width: 100%;">October 21,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Final+Season+of+US+131+Reconstruction+in+Three+Rivers+Starts+Monday&rft.pub=Michigan+Department+of+Transportation&rft.date=2020-03-17&rft.aulast=Schirripa&rft.aufirst=Nick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.michigan.gov%2Fsom%2F0%2C4669%2C7-192-29907-521963--%2C00.html%23%3A~%3Atext%3DMarch%252017%2C%25202020%2520--%2520The%2520Michigan%2520Department%2520of%2CUS-131%2520through%2520Three%2520Rivers%2520in%2520St.%2520Joseph%2520County&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichigan+left" style="max-width: 100%;"></span></span>

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<li style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;"></b></span> <span style="max-width: 100%;"><cite style="max-width: 100%;">Kim, Theodore (March 23, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.dallasnews.com/sharedcontent/dws/news/localnews/transportation/stories/032210dnmetplanointersection.1d1c3fcce.html" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">"Officials Worry that 'Michigan Left Turn' at Plano Intersection Will Confuse Drivers"</a>. <i style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Dallas_Morning_News" title="Dallas Morning News" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Dallas Morning News</a></i><span style="max-width: 100%;">. Retrieved <span style="max-width: 100%;">December 20,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dallas+Morning+News&rft.atitle=Officials+Worry+that+%27Michigan+Left+Turn%27+at+Plano+Intersection+Will+Confuse+Drivers&rft.date=2010-03-23&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=Theodore&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dallasnews.com%2Fsharedcontent%2Fdws%2Fnews%2Flocalnews%2Ftransportation%2Fstories%2F032210dnmetplanointersection.1d1c3fcce.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichigan+left" style="max-width: 100%;"></span></span>

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<li style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;"></b></span> <span style="max-width: 100%;"><cite style="max-width: 100%;">Davidson, Lee (November 11, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.sltrib.com/politics/52896856-90/5400-design-draper-intersection.html.csp" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">"Newfangled Intersection to Open Monday in Draper"</a>. <i style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/The_Salt_Lake_Tribune" title="The Salt Lake Tribune" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">The Salt Lake Tribune</a></i><span style="max-width: 100%;">. Retrieved <span style="max-width: 100%;">August 17,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Salt+Lake+Tribune&rft.atitle=Newfangled+Intersection+to+Open+Monday+in+Draper&rft.date=2011-11-11&rft.aulast=Davidson&rft.aufirst=Lee&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sltrib.com%2Fpolitics%2F52896856-90%2F5400-design-draper-intersection.html.csp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichigan+left" style="max-width: 100%;"></span></span>

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<li style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;"></b></span> <span style="max-width: 100%;"><cite style="max-width: 100%;"><a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.abc4.com/content/news/slc/story/U-turns-replace-left-turns-at-Draper-intersection/f0QBeB3vL0C3Msn9GjNnXg.cspx" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">"U-Turns Replace Left Turns at Draper intersection"</a>. <a href="/wiki/KTVX" title="KTVX" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">KTVX</a>. November 14, 2011<span style="max-width: 100%;">. Retrieved <span style="max-width: 100%;">August 17,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=U-Turns+Replace+Left+Turns+at+Draper+intersection&rft.date=2011-11-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc4.com%2Fcontent%2Fnews%2Fslc%2Fstory%2FU-turns-replace-left-turns-at-Draper-intersection%2Ff0QBeB3vL0C3Msn9GjNnXg.cspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichigan+left" style="max-width: 100%;"></span></span>

</li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;"></b></span> <span style="max-width: 100%;"><cite style="max-width: 100%;"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://archive.today/20130209212603/http://www.westjordanjournal.com/pages/full_story/9851/" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">"<span style="max-width: 100%;"></span>'Thru Turn' in Effect at Bangerter and 7800 South Intersection"</a>. <i style="max-width: 100%;">West Jordan Journal</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.westjordanjournal.com/pages/full_story/9851/" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">the original</a> on February 9, 2013<span style="max-width: 100%;">. Retrieved <span style="max-width: 100%;">June 11,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=West+Jordan+Journal&rft.atitle=%27Thru+Turn%27+in+Effect+at+Bangerter+and+7800+South+Intersection&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.westjordanjournal.com%2Fpages%2Ffull_story%2F9851%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichigan+left" style="max-width: 100%;"></span></span>

</li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;"></b></span> <span style="max-width: 100%;"><cite style="max-width: 100%;">Utah Department of Transportation. <a rel="nofollow" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140701231914/http://www.udot.utah.gov/LaytonImproved/" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">"Layton Improved UDOT Open House Presentation"</a>. Utah Department of Transportation. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.udot.utah.gov/LaytonImproved/" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">the original</a> on July 1, 2014<span style="max-width: 100%;">. Retrieved <span style="max-width: 100%;">March 3,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Layton+Improved+UDOT+Open+House+Presentation&rft.pub=Utah+Department+of+Transportation&rft.au=Utah+Department+of+Transportation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.udot.utah.gov%2FLaytonImproved%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichigan+left" style="max-width: 100%;"></span></span>

</li>

</ol></div>

</section><h2 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.43em; max-width: 100%;"><span tabindex="0" role="button" aria-controls="content-collapsible-block-7" aria-expanded="false" style="max-width: 100%;">External links</span></h2><section style="max-width: 100%;">

<div class="scrollable" style="max-width: 100%; overflow-x: scroll; word-wrap: normal;"><table role="presentation" style="max-width: none; font-size: 0.9em; text-align: start; word-wrap: break-word; border-collapse: collapse;"><tbody style="max-width: 100%;"><tr style="max-width: 100%;">

<td style="max-width: 100%; padding: 0.25em 0.5em; border: 1px solid rgb(216, 216, 216);">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; max-width: 100%;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Michigan_left" title="commons:Category:Michigan left" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Michigan left</a></span>.</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="scrollable" style="max-width: 100%; overflow-x: scroll; word-wrap: normal;"><table style="max-width: none; font-size: 0.9em; text-align: start; word-wrap: break-word; border-collapse: collapse;"><tbody style="max-width: 100%;"><tr style="max-width: 100%;"><td style="max-width: 100%; padding: 0.25em 0.5em; border: 1px solid rgb(216, 216, 216);"><b style="max-width: 100%;">Map all coordinates using:</b> <a href="//tools.wmflabs.org/osm4wiki/cgi-bin/wiki/wiki-osm.pl?project=en&article=Michigan_left" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">OpenStreetMap</a> 

</td></tr><tr style="max-width: 100%;"><td style="max-width: 100%; padding: 0.25em 0.5em; border: 1px solid rgb(216, 216, 216);"><b style="max-width: 100%;">Download coordinates as:</b> <a href="//tools.wmflabs.org/kmlexport?article=Michigan_left" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">KML</a>

</td></tr></tbody></table></div><ul style="max-width: 100%;"><li style="max-width: 100%;"><a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.michiganhighways.org/indepth/michigan_left.html" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Michigan Left at Michigan Highways</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090825081128/http://www.tfhrc.gov/safety/pubs/07033/index.htm" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Synthesis of the Median U-Turn Intersection Treatment, Safety, and Operational Benefits</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.michigan.gov/documents/mdot/MDOT_Roads-Travel_mich_left_213414_7.swf" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Animation</a> of a Michigan Left</li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fiEhiNyQ4Oo" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">MUT Case Study: Michigan Avenue at South Harrison Road in East Lansing (Michigan)</a></li></ul>

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